abstract land surface hydrological models has importance in the determination of soil moisture and temperature, the rate of evapotranspiration, stream flow by emphasis on the land surface physical and dynamic process descriptions. in this research, vic land surface hydrological model has been used for the land surface temperature and stream flow determination. the vic runoff simulation in each ...

nowadays protecting land cover, quality and quantity of water resources are important. surface runoff is one of most important reasons of soil erosion which causes sediment in reservoirs and reduction of land’s fertility and also quality reduction water of rivers. so the main issue is exact prediction of basin runoff to raining events. the hydrologic models are simplified models of real hydrolo...

runoff simulation is a vital issue in water resource planning and management. various models with different levels of accuracy and precision are developed for this purpose considering various prediction time scales. in this paper, two models of ihacres (identification of unit hydrographs and component flows from rainfall, evaporation and streamflow data) and ann (artificial neural network) mode...

land surface parameterization schemes are one of the most important components in gcm and nwp models. these schemes calculate the exchanges of momentum, mass and energy between land surface and the atmosphere. runoff is one of the important components in the water cycle of the land surface scheme whose parameterization is difficult because of complexity in the processes governing the runoff gen...

Beef cattle feedlots contain unconsolidated surface materials (loose manure pack) that accumulate during a feeding cycle. The effects of varying amounts of unconsolidated surface materials on runoff nutrient losses are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare runoff nutrient losses from feedlot surfaces containing varying amounts of unconsolidated surface materials,...

Conservation tillage mitigates soil loss in cropland because plant residues help protect the soil, but effects on pesticide movement in surface runoff are not as straightforward. Effects of soil disturbance on surface runoff loss of chlorimuron and alachlor were evaluated utilizing runoff trays. Soil in the trays was either disturbed (tilled) and kept bare or was not tilled, and existing decomp...